ICT A/L :- History Of ICT 2

The Transistor

Before transistors were invented electronic valves were used in construction of computer. When valves were operating lot of heat was generated. Due to this heat valves began to burnout. A circuit builds by assembling several transistors was called a chip. By using these chips above problems were overcame. In this chip there are a large number of circuits built by using semiconductor technology.

Evolution Of The Processors

 

Future Directions Of Computer Technology

The hope of the present scientists is to built a computer that preforms functions like a intelligent human. This particular area is called Artificial Intelligence. Man has the ability to concentrate on different things at the same time and ability to recognize different voices. The concept of the molecular computers / DNA computers are already in process. The development of the 1^st Quantum by 2015 is one aim of the scientists.

Specification Of A Processor

Bus :-
The physical path which data travels as signals within the parts of the computer or within the parts between computers is called Bus. There are 3 types.

1. Data Bus :- The bus carrying data from one place to a another is called a Data Bus.

2. Address Bus :- A specific location is selected in order to write the data into memory or read the data from memory. The address of this location is known as the Address Bus.

3. Control Bus :- This control the signals that are carried out to various locations in the computer.

Registers :-
The location where signals of the arithmetic or the logic unit are temporally stored is called Registers.

Clock Speed Of A CPU:-
The processing speed of the instruction which were provided to a processor is called Clock Speed. Clock speed is measured in MHz or GHz.

Word Size :-
The number of bits in a word, of a machine language which used in a computer is called its Word Size or its Word Length.

Classifications Of A Computer

1. According To Size :-
* Super Computers
* Mainframe Computers
* Mini Computers
* Micro Computers

2. According To Technology Used :-
* Digital Computers
* Analog Computers
* Hybrid Computers

3. According To Purpose Of Use :-
* General Purpose
* Special Purpose

** The  below computers are fell in to the category of Micro Computers 
i) Desktop Computers
ii) Workstations
iii) Laptop Computers
iv) Palmtop Computers
v) Notebook Computers
vi) Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) or Digital Diary 
vii) Pocket Computers